Note 23 Purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work
€ million | 2017 | 2016 |
Grid losses | 58 | 61 |
Transport capacity and restrictions | 188 | 175 |
Billing and payment collection | 10 | 9 |
Contractors, materials and other | 146 | 157 |
Total | 402 | 402 |
The purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work, at €402 million, were the same overall as in the preceding year. On the one hand, there was an increase in the costs of transport capacity and restrictions amounting to €13 million, due to higher charges and an increase in volumes, while, on the other hand, the costs incurred for network losses were down by €3 million, mainly owing to lower energy costs, and there was a reduction in the costs of hiring contractors and of subcontracted work of €12 million, largely as a result of the capacity challenges.