Note 23 Purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work

€ million

2017

2016

Grid losses

58

61

Transport capacity and restrictions

188

175

Billing and payment collection

10

9

Contractors, materials and other

146

157

   

Total

402

402

The purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work, at €402 million, were the same overall as in the preceding year. On the one hand, there was an increase in the costs of transport capacity and restrictions amounting to €13 million, due to higher charges and an increase in volumes, while, on the other hand, the costs incurred for network losses were down by €3 million, mainly owing to lower energy costs, and there was a reduction in the costs of hiring contractors and of subcontracted work of €12 million, largely as a result of the capacity challenges.