Note 4 Intangible assets

There were no investments in intangible assets in 2018 or 2017. The amortisation charge of €2 million mainly relates to the intangible assets of 450connect.

Goodwill allocation by segment

Of the total amount of goodwill allocated to Liander as at year-end 2018, €209 million (2017: €209 million) relates to electricity and gas networks and dates from the contribution of the networks when n.v. Nuon was created in 1999. Of the remainder, amounting to €77 million (2017: €77 million), €61 million relates to the purchase of Endinet in 2010, €7 million to Stam and €9 million to the purchase of AEF B.V. in 2016. The goodwill item in the other line concerns the investment relating to 450connect.

At year-end 2018, impairment tests were performed on the carrying amounts of the networks of Liander and the German networks, including the associated goodwill recognised. The value in use was taken as the basis for this calculation. The value in use was measured on the basis of the most recent business plans.

In the 2018 reporting period, Liander used a pre-tax discount rate of 6.9% (2017: 5.1%). From 2019 onwards, the figure will drop to 4.5% up to 2022. The main assumptions on which these business plans are based are the number of connections, the most recent tariff estimates and estimates of operating expenses and other costs. To a large extent, these assumptions are based on past experience, coupled with the latest information on tariff regulation. The business plans cover a period of five years and the terminal value is calculated using the projected cash flows at the end of that period. A zero growth rate has been applied. The terminal value for the regulated activities is based on achieving the ‘reasonable return’ that a network operator can expect to achieve on its standardised asset value.

Where appropriate, account is also taken of temporary or structural synergistic effects or other departures from the reasonable return. There is such a margin between the value in use and the carrying amount of the Liander networks that the sensitivity to changes in the estimates and assumptions used is limited.

As regards the networks in Germany, the discount rate used has been arrived at using the calculation method adopted by the German regulator, which gives a pre-tax discount rate of 5.1% in 2018 (2017: 5.1%). For the period 2019-2022, the rate remains 5.1%. Otherwise the underlying assumptions were the same as for Liander.