Note 23 Purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work

€ million

2018

2017

Grid losses

49

58

Transport capacity and restrictions

191

188

Billing and payment collection

12

10

Contractors, materials and other

172

146

   

Total

424

402

The purchase costs and costs of subcontracted work were up by €22 million compared with the preceding year and amounted to €424 million. The costs of contractors and materials were up by €27 million, accounted for by the greater volume of work carried out in 2018. In contrast, the grid loss costs were down by €9 million, mainly as a result of gains on reconciliation and the lower purchase tariffs.